Planting and spacing. It is recommended not to drill beans and use a tolerant variety to white mold if a specific field has a history of white mold. Iowa State Univ. In general, studies have found that soybean yield potential is often greater with row spacings narrower than 30 inches. Esker, G.P. While soybeans planted in a 15-inch row spacing can generally out-yield soybeans planted in a 30-inch row spacing, disease levels in a 15-inch row spacing can often be high enough that little yield advantage over the 30-inch row spacing might be observed in a high white mold environment. Seeding rate generally appears to have a greater effect on white mold severity than row spacing (Lee et al., 2005). However, in areas with frequent white mold incidence, wide rows may provide some benefit. Average across the last two years of research and 17 experiments we have seen 4.6 bu/ acre advantage of 15 inch over 30 inch row spacing. A wide range of row spacings have been used successfully in soybean production. Lambert, D.M., and J. Lowenberg-DeBoer. Larson, D.M. 2004. Such scenarios include northern soybean producing regions where the growing season is shorter (Lee, 2006), early soybean production systems where short maturity varieties are planted early to avoid drought (Holshouser and Whittaker, 2002), delayed planting situations (Lee, 2006), and double-crop systems (Minor and Wiebold, 1998; Holshouser et al., 2006). The paper presents the effect of planting density and row spacing on the growth, development and yield of soybean, cv. Row spacing. Today row spacing for soybeans seems to be driven by the row spacing for corn. Munkvold. Crop Management. Glyphosate-resistant soybean management system effect on Sclerotinia stem rot. Soybean plantings after June 20 in central/western NY and after June 10 in NNY can be risky, even with Group 0 varieties, especially if the remaining part of the growing season is cool or if frost occurs before October 1. The effect of plant … However, the total number of operator hours spent planting would be greater and the second planter would require a second operator, which may not always be feasible. In 2004, an extensive research project funded through the check-off and the Iowa Soybean Association was initiated to investigate the advantage of using 15 inch row spacing versus 30 inch row spacing in Iowa. Economic analysis of row spacing for corn and soybean. 100:1488-1492. A more important factor determining the potential for white mold is environmental conditions. Soybeans grow best where the daytime temperature averages between 60°F and 70°F (16-21°C). Kelly. Narrow-row soybeans offer some harvestability advantages over soybeans in 30-inch rows. Narrower rows spacings are likely to provide a greater yield benefit in systems where soybeans have a limited time frame for vegetative growth prior to flowering. Once the fungus is present in a field, little can be done to remove the pathogen and management practices to lessen the impact of the fungus must be implemented. Figure 3. Soybean row spacings (in inches) in the largest soybean-producing states in 2015 as a percent of total acres (USDA-NASS, 2015 Crop Production Survey). Crop residue can be an important consideration when planting soybeans, particularly in the northern Corn Belt where residue management is more of a challenge. Holshouser, D.L., and R.D. It is not uncommon to see 20-inch, 15-inch, 10-inch, or sometimes even 7.5-inch row spacing soybean in Iowa. Narrow-row corn production - when does it increase yield? 98:800-807. Taking stand counts using the traditional method above can be arduous if soybeans are planted in narrow rows, so an alternative method may be more conducive to quickly getting stand count estimates. Row spacing research in corn has generally shown that the yield advantage with narrow rows diminishes outside of northern Corn Belt latitudes, since corn grown in the central Corn Belt and south is better able to attain maximum light interception prior to flowering (Butzen and Paszkiewicz, 2008). Two Nebraska On-Farm … Research on soybeans in 15-inch rows is less extensive, having been conducted mostly within the last 10 to 15 years as this row spacing has gained popularity. The earlier-maturing varieties, which tend to be short in stature, yield better at a row spacing of 15 inches or less. 2002. For that reason, numerous research studies have been conducted over the last 40 years to determine optimal soybean row spacing. If you’re using the square foot gardening method, plant 9 per square foot. Many farm operations have a corn and soybean planter running simultaneously. J. Renner, D. Penner, R. Hammerschmidt, and J.D. Actual yield loss due to wheel traffic will vary according to boom width (Table 2). Water the beans once they’ve been planted, but only until the soil is moist. Equipment plays a large role in that choice. Narrow rows have a yield advantage because they decrease the time to canopy closure and intercept more light throughout the season. Brown stem rot, white mold, nitrogen stress, soybean cyst nematode, and Sudden death syndrome may also tend to negate the benefit of narrow rows (Cooper and Jeffers, 1984; Pedersen and Lauer, 2003; Swoboda et al., 2011). Under good humidity and thermal conditions in 2016 and 2017, the yield of seeds and protein in soybean was 3.3 times higher than if exposed to extreme drought and accompanying high air … It is important to recognize that row spacing is influenced by the field environment. 2. Fawcett, Jim; Sievers, Josh; Rossiter, Lyle; and Rogers, Jim, On-Farm Soybean Row Spacing Trials. Reducing row widths to increase yield: Why it does not always work. Lambert, R.K. Roberts, A. Mengistu, N. Bellaloui, and E.R. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2006-0417-01-RS. A review of soybean row spacing studies published within the past 10 years generally confirms previous results comparing 30-inch rows and drilled narrow rows. Table 1. Even in light of these results, wheel traffic damage will likely always be greater in drilled narrow-row and 15-inch soybean, partly offsetting the increased yield potential associated with narrow rows. 95:564-573. Planting the right soybeans for your field is vital to maximize the profitability of every acre on your farm. Agron. Often, row spacing decisions are made based on what equipment is already available. Swoboda, C.M., P. Pedersen, P.D. A factor that has likely played a role in the recent increase in soybeans planted in 30-inch rows in some areas is Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), or white mold. Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding rates. 2003. This often results in more 30-inch or drilled soybeans for smaller farms (Figure 5). 100:704-710. However, acreage planted to 30-inch rows has also increased in almost all regions of North America over the last several years, reversing the long-term trend away from wider rows. Plant soybeans in late winter in warm-winter regions. 103:1712-1716. A seeding rate as high as 225,000 seed per acre for organic soybean results in better weed control, higher yield, and the highest economic return compared to seeding rates of 175,000. Recommended soybean seeding rates in Minnesota. It is difficult to weigh the potential yield benefit of narrow-row soybeans against equipment costs, time constraints and operator availability required. Soybean acreage in drilled narrow rows has declined across North America in the last five years, while acreage in 15-inch rows has increased. How row spacing … In eastern trials, 8% of planted PLS per acre did not develop into viable soybean plants. Soybeans grown in narrow rows (≤ 15 inches) tend to out-yield soybean produced in wide row width (30 inches) due to increased sunlight interception in … A research study conducted in Delaware and Virginia found significant yield reductions due to sprayer wheel damage in R4 soybeans planted in 7.5-inch and 15-inch row spacings, whereas soybeans planted in 30-inch and wider row spacings did not sustain any sprayer wheel damage (Holshouser and Taylor, 2008). Crop Sci. Although 30-inch rows would generally be expected to allow sprayer wheels to pass through without damage, wheel traffic damage may not always be negligible. Historically, less accurate seed placement made higher seeding rates necessary with drills; however, improved seed placement with newer precision drills has reduced this need. J. A study conducted in 2008-2009 (Cox and Cherney, 2011) found no row spacing by seeding rate interaction for soybeans planted in 7.5-inch, 15- inch, and 30-inch spacings. Soybean yield response to plant distribution in Fusarium virguliforme infested soils. Wheel traffic to narrow-row reproductive-stage soybean lowers yield. 2011. Plant soybeans as early as possible after April 25 as soil conditions permit; if possible, complete planting by May 20. Lauer. In light of these findings, seed cost may not be a requisite consideration for row spacing decisions. 2005. Knezevic, A.R. 19:580-588. Wiebold. Equipment and workload considerations are unique for every farm operation and ultimately come down to the needs of each individual grower. The extent of this effect will vary by weed species and weed emergence timing relative to the crop (Hock et al., 2006). 95:965-971. All rights reserved. 2150 Beardshear Hall 18:15. Cooper, R.L., and D.L. Larger farms are more able to justify the expense of a dedicated soybean planter and provide an operator for it. 96:462-468. The next consideration is row spacing. 76:257-259. Soybean planting date can have a significant impact on yield. 54:38-46. 94:603-611. Figure 4. The growing prevalence of weed populations resistant to glyphosate has made weed management more challenging in some areas; consequently, it is becoming increasingly necessary to consider the impact of cropping system factors such as row spacing on weed growth. When those issues are accounted for, narrow-row planting is not necessarily the best economic choice for all operations. Numerous research studies over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacing. Planting date. There was no interaction between plant spacing and plant density on yield, which indicates that the optimum density for soybean is not dependent on plant spacings. As a result, soybeans planted in 15-inch rows have gained in popularity as a way to capture some of the yield benefit of drilled narrow rows while using a planter instead of a drill. 2008. 2006. 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