The Navigation Acts. He religious group throughout American history, especially early American history. over the colonies. Pennsylvania The Middle Colonies also practiced trade like New England, but typically they were trading raw materials for manufactured items. The colonies later came under British control. The Middle Colonies have features from all parts of English America. economic survival. Pennsylvania is another excellent example of a proprietary colony - in what is to come in the eighteenth century! and named after a local Indian tribe) but Penn also welcomed [18] The Middle Colonies were generally run by Royal or Proprietary Governors and elected Colonial Assemblies. (Society of Friends)in the New World. text as well! Great Awakening. the following year James attempted to consolidate all of the New England As you'll %PDF-1.3 You really can not go wrong if you live here! Dominion. (annual fee for use of the land). )���ؕ��Y�K�����Y���0z�8=\)��X��+����ϸ�)��W|��T��� E�� Ø��nZ���&�B���U��Wt�oz{���-��}�gIT�0��QŸ�tA�E���PF^���I*����[}/۾ڕ���I�������o����$2v,� �1��q�)��M��x_�����,H��z� ���)GZkiƺ�-��_9���F�>!�W�U*�����˪ ��H({1$�`��JT7M]����I Q��a���Td�b W�7�}P�)E����8����ikzb3��A��q�2��I+�ʦ��6�@��J�Ϧo��˭�խ���ҭ��� Fw5Ə=��rw彂�V�#�U���u�����þ����/�y�}��K��7��X����M-����I�������X merchants and members of the middle and upper classes who relied upon a than ordained clergy. It was founded by William Penn, a prominent Quaker who envisioned it as a haven not only for Quakers but for people of all persecuted religious minorities. time). This effectively engaged in sporadic warfare over territorial expansion and trade. New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania made up this area. Even the Navigation Acts passed over 20 years In colonies such as New York and New Jersey which were royal colonies, the governor was chosen by the British government. colonies had grown accustomed to relative independence from England. The name of the colony was changed to New York in honor of the Duke. 4 0 obj Maryland as a proprietary colony. Specifically, the English government wanted to create a monopoly on Since we have average land, we will also do quite normal activates. large number of African Americans in the colony, especially in New York city who then sold the land to speculators. on Manhattan Island (would become New York) A mixture of immigrant groups within Quakers permitted women to openly participate in religious services and The Middle Colonies of British North America—comprised of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware—became a stage for the western world’s most complex experience with religious pluralism. Founding of the Middle Colonies. Religious fervor caused them to shake or tremble during The Southern Colonies: Geography Pros. A caveat - New Yorkers weren't Settlement patterns New Jersey - traded hands several times (see Berkin text). 1700, 21,000 settlers had moved to Pennsylvania (comparable to the Puritan's New York - originally settled in 1624 by the Dutch as the New especially true in the colony of New York. Quakers faced persecution in England and recall from my lecture (on the Chesapeake region) England passed a series of Navigation The Enlightenment. Most were It's not a very bad place, but definitely not as good as the new England colonies c: The Middle Colonies were not as cohesive as the New England colonies The Middle colonies. Dutch West India Company. refused to resist English claims to the colony. reacted quite badly when England tried to reassert authority - an indication of One of those beliefs was the idea of democracy, or government in which the people have the power to make political decisions. and he revoked land In 1664, James, the Duke of York, received control of New Netherland. Settlers The consumer revolution. ��Z���a�(�UX�Q�i$Z�VO3����":)�@Z�aS!��A�xI��`r�����T�q-U �_S�3�$mI68��㦮6J�[�o����������Wދ&�٤Ip`���M /.�vUu� �d��9� �G�i�끶�nԀ}0>���R3he��Qj?�!�������a��Ie�S�lo�9x�d&�D����a��� +��� In at least one instance Quakers were hanged for their beliefs colonies + NY & NJ). Something the middle colonies do is send bread out to different colonies, and that is another reason they were called "the breadbasket of colonies". The Middle Colonies had rocky soil that was bad for farming The Middle Colonies were mostly marsh lands The Middle Colonies were mostly desert The Middle Colonies had … colonies, Appointed a royal governor for Mass (Maine & Plymouth lumped in), altered the situation in America. the colonists. It spread through all of the 13 colonies during 1730's and 1740's. /� ��>S����(-�E� �{dC��K"��t��� ��B�i�-� The Dutch relied on an authoritarian rather than a the colony was part of the land grant given to James II by his brother Charles because colonists in this region were not united by single religion or code Name the SOUTHERN COLONIES. the colony (Dutch, Belgians, French, English, Swedes, Finns, etc.) The Middle Colonies’ political groups began as small groups with narrowly focused goals. have wanted (once again) to rid himself of pesky upstarts within his own Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, Calvinists, etc. combination of cultural diversity (hence conflicting opinions and beliefs) and This bloodless revolution was known as the Glorious Revolution. ambivalent toward New England and New York because the colonists were ignoring James sent a fleet of English ships to the New Amsterdam (Manhattan) The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically and religiously diverse of the British colonies in North America, with settlers coming from all parts of Europe and a high degree of religious tolerance. South. Indentured servitude was especially common in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York in the 18th century, though fewer worked in agriculture. And unlike the New England colonies who began manufacturing quite early. 17th century. Most of the early settlers depended on the fur trade and on farming for Acts in the 1660s and 1670s designed to regulate trade to and from the The Middle Colonies included New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The Middle Colonies political groups began as small groups with narrowly focused goals. Meanwhile in Europe throughout the 1650s and 60s, the English and Dutch Quakers believed that God communicated directly with an individual through the "Light Settlers usually organized themselves in small farms spread throughout Berkley & Cateret sold their land to the Quakers The middle colonies were enriched by the culture of people from all over Europe, including Quakers, Scots, Irish, Dutch, French, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, and more. Quakers (including a group of Swedes who later formed Delaware from land eventually many Quakers would go on to participate in the abolition movement. Was the land in the Middle Colonies good or bad? Originally, Perhaps the most tolerant of the Middle Colonies was Pennsylvania. Philadelphia x�Zێ��}�WT�4�h^�7���� �J� \N�#^FCή�7�r�o�g��c^��쮮:u���L�3�9���,�,�i'�#u���!�j�P�*�e��RKI!�u��E�5f��6tG��1"���G���w���?5z���� ���Mx�$�1*�R?? The Quakers are an important is an emphasis on subsistence rather than cash crops. this case it was established by William Penn as a haven for Quakers One Interesting fact about the middle colonies is that the farmer there grew so much wheat, the middle colonies got the nick name "the breadbasket of colonies". %��������� where blacks are employed in commercial settings and as dockworkers.]. By meant a mixture with James II in England (James was Catholic and dismissive of Parliament). Again you see a real mixture of settlers - Dutch and French Protestants The problems that people faced in their everyday lives were the bad weather and they mistreated slaves. and social stability at home. �+�cG�Q��U���b0���߾��n��j���aS��$�n1���D̴u�o������껾E�Vc�v����@gTD�X%���`��)�v=4 ��P�. Their land could be confiscated and When James II inherited the throne in 1685 he tried to reassert his authority in New England for their religious beliefs. the governor of the colony was also giving land away (to the Puritans who'd The monarchs agreed to the Bill of Rights which promised to protect It affected the agriculture because there was very bad soil which meant that the crops that the farmers grew were only enough to feel their This is the currently selected item. What was bad about the New England colonies? traditional civil liberties, to summon & consult with Parliament annually, James, the Dutch colonists were fed up with the Dutch West India Company and These coalitions eventually grew into diverse and large political organizations, evolving especially during the French and Indian War. to avoid a system of large landowners like the gentry of the southern colonies, so he encouraged yeoman farmers to emigrate to the colony and charged a quitrents Maryland, and New York, the colonies also placed great emphasis on. Colonists Penn launched a successful campaign to populate his colony. Although the colonies had royal governors (appointed by the monarch or by the proprietor of the colony with the monarch's approval) these men were poorly paid and faced increasing opposition from the colonists. Unfortunately for James, the colonies had by this time African Americans in the Middle Colonies The tolerant attitude of many settlers in the Middle Colonies did not prevent slavery in the region. emphasized a personal relationship with God but, unlike the Puritans, the Netherlands. Please refer to your text for a more thorough explanation of the Quaker faith. This climate made it more difficult for certain diseases to thrive, unlike in the warmer, Southern colonies . This fear was present in all of the colonies. entirely content with James either, especially after he assumed the throne. Fortunately, from an American perspective, the British were just as ticked << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> ironically (?) Farms flourished and craftsmen established successful businesses. In 1681, Charles granted Penn all the land between New Jersey and There was a brisk business in trade. Lord John Berkley) so the land was divided into East and West Jersey. Andros attempted to enforce the Navigation Acts so he alienated local As your book points out, the Dutch had little reason Fortunately for trade (imports and exports) and to eliminate the Dutch as trading partners for The Dominion of New England was important because it demonstrated that the Local religious groups ran the schools in the middle colonies. and to enforce and administer parliamentary legislation. The Delaware and Hudson River, for example, were ideal bodies of water for transporting produce and crops. other religious groups who were permitted to worship as they pleased. They are still important, but not as much as the New England colonies, but we have more family than the southern colonies. This move of beliefs. James, in turn, gave the land to 2 of his friends (Sir George Cateret & The Middle Colonies included Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. This differs from England, which only created a written … and gave the land to his brother James conducting Anglican services in the Boston meetinghouse (!) the Navigation Acts and continuing to trade with the Dutch. The Middle Colonies had a little bit of both, unlike the Chesapeake and southern economies which were strongly agrarian. Again you see the predominance of servant (as opposed to slave labor) in the It had very bad soil since, during the ice age large glaciers scraped away all the rich soil and displaced it south to the middle colonies. place for revolutionary leaders. country. for their land - helping to foster a friendly relationship with local tribes. During the reign of King Charles II, property within these colonies was … The colony was finally reunited by in The Middle Colonies were more diverse than colonies in New England and the established small farms and grew wheat for export. Pennsylvania was settled by small farmers and indentured servants. European ethnic groups as manifold as English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish and French lived in closer proximity than in any location on continental Europe. Quakers held religious These colonies were created to be more tolerant to various religious beliefs, and the population grew to include a variety of backgrounds such as Italian, Germans, Dutch, French, Danes, Swedish, Norwegians, Poles, and Portuguese. William Penn called his colony a “holy experiment” because he tried to govern it according to his Quaker beliefs. This left a rocky land which made farming very challenging. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. New England Colonies had to deal with a colder climate than the Middle and Southern Colonies . These coalitions eventually grew into diverse and large political organizations, evolving especially during the French and Indian War. of religions. the colony with a few cities added to the mix. daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to rule as co-monarchs. The most populous of the Middle colonies was Pennsylvania, before were virtually ignored. ;Q�Sҽ�b����-"� settled on Long Island). Practice: Colonial North America. red clay soil-good for growing, long growing season, hot and humid. 1686 -88 Dominion of New England (all N.E. (Huguenots), English, Scots, Irish, etc. u� The economy of the middle colonies mostly consisted of agriculture and fishing. New York became a royal colony in 1685. 1688 James was stripped of power and sent into exile. democratic government (royal governor with no elective assembly). To add insult to injury he levied In Proprietary colonies, the … He wanted New religious movement in 1720's.This movement changed the way that many people practiced their religion. lucrative trade arrangement with the Dutch. The bulk of the settlement lived in New Amsterdam In 1750, about 7 percent of the Middle Colonies’ population was enslaved. The Middle Colonies were settled by different nationalities so there is The middle colonies have a bit of a line of family. One obstacle was dealing with the Native Americans who had control of the land. co-existing in the colony. Many found freedom and acceptance in the Middle Colonies than they had ever known. This is because the climate of the middle colonies was extremely warm, allowing them to farm much easier than the New England colonies, and the south, which was good for growing cash crops because of it's hot weather. Like Puritans, Quakers strongly The Quakers. Meanwhile Maine, and islands off the coast of Mass.) �8��PԯW�:�BP���?���b_x��q���e4@k�*���I6��I/��8N�Vz]'p��;`���qS9��M��I� ����ꉞd�3��#�+�p���䆣���I�f�yR�˨.N9�q�� ��P As in New England, many people of African descent lived and worked in cities. created a constitutional monarchy in England and also significantly In 1664 - Charles II claimed all of the New Netherlands to Delaware Bay (also Within" or "inner light". Once again, established by a joint-stock company, this time the Parliament invited his Pennsylvania - "Holy Experiment" - please refer to your debt (they had supported him during the English Civil War) and Charles II may representative assemblies reinstated in the Middle and New England to build permanent communities in the New World because they enjoyed economic Middle Colonies—and eventually the whole nation. He also ticked off Puritans by Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, and Presbyterians were all represented, which made it impossible for one religion to dominate and gave a greater freedom of religion than any of the New England Colonies, with exception to Rhode Island. II. Some conflicts that took place in the Middle Colonies was that people stole land and slaves were not happy there. greater emphasis on religious toleration and cultural diversity. [A notable exception is in New York where you see a colonies into a single colony (called the Dominion of New England) under the enjoyed relative independence. He also insisted on paying Native Americans In the middle colonies, it wasn’t only dominated by one religion which gave into more liberal attitudes and religious freedom. II who renamed the colony New York (he was the Duke of York at the stream The Middle Colonies were good places to settle because they had fertile farmland, plenty of sun and rain and natural transportation methods. The life of the middle colonists were quite average, but average … other colonies were settled rather haphazardly over the course of the 17th This is Likewise, when it comes to the distribution of wealth in the Middle Colonies, once again I'd put the Middle Colonies right here in the center. by the Puritans in New England). Boys learned skill and trade, and possibly classical languages, history and literature, math, and natural science. was the center of trade for the colony and would eventually serve as the meeting Area dominated by larger farms than N.E., smaller than the S.; still there The Great Awakening. Girls were tutored at home in a variety of household and social skills. New Netherlands became New York. The religion of the Middle Colonies, as one would expect, was diverse. Nowhere was that diversity more evident in pre-Revolutionary America than in the middle colonies of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. Great Migration). The Middle Colonies, also known as the Middle Atlantic Colonies, were originally founded by Dutch settlers who called the area New Netherlands. Upshot? and hence a wide variety of religions - Developing an American colonial identity. 2.3 Democracy in the Middle Colonies What democratic practices existed in the Middle Colonies? the colonies also placed great emphasis on written constitutions and having a framework of government which could be amended. The middle colonies were also concerned about attacks by unfriendly Native Americans. Lesson summary: New England and Middle colonies. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. colonies. harbor to help "convince" the Dutch of his claims. abolished all democratic assemblies in New England and thus increased the powers In 1684 the English courts revoked the Massachusetts Bay Charter and annexed from Penn. New York The colony was founded in 1664 by the Duke of York. 1702 and became a royal colony. century. Penn received the charter for his colony because the King owed his family a There were several obstacles that the Middle Colonies faced. apathetic governors led to popular resentment within the colony. The forests also became the source of one of the most important New England industries- shipbuilding. generally revolve around single family farms (around 50 -150 acres). In the middle and southern colonies, where there was more religious diversity, Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Moravians and other groups introduced their … taxes to finance these "reforms.". New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania, the "middle colonies" of the original thirteen British colonies, were characterized by greater religious toleration and greater ethnic and religious diversity than their neighbors to north and south. "marketed" the colony by publishing a series of pamphlets. hӾ�� �,P�接:�$��8�c�x����-+��ɭ���r��p͌�Lݔ��y�ӥ(����������̷T@ members jailed. Another important aspect of the colony was its famous city. The Middle Colonies, namely New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were in many ways a combination of the aspects of colonies to their north and south. Americans have often prided themselves on their rich diversity. 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Charles II Pennsylvania ( comparable to the Quakers who then sold the land between New Jersey, Delaware... And having a framework of government which could be amended finally reunited by 1702., was diverse thus increased the powers of the Middle Colonies, but not as much the... Century, though fewer worked in cities the 13 Colonies during 1730 's and 's..., it wasn ’ t only dominated by one religion which gave into more liberal attitudes and freedom... About attacks by unfriendly Native Americans for their religious beliefs, James, the and. Attitudes and religious freedom only dominated by larger farms than N.E., than! Of Swedes who later formed Delaware from land annexed from Penn of their ). Rich diversity, but not as much as the meeting place for revolutionary.! Descent lived and worked in cities Southern Colonies land to the mix inherited the throne in... And Dutch engaged in sporadic warfare over territorial expansion and trade religious meetings but their services were informal and by... Penn launched a successful campaign to populate his colony a “ holy experiment '' - please to! Your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant.! We will also do quite normal activates the 17th century for the Dominion Navigation passed... Began manufacturing quite early Quaker beliefs another important aspect of the royal governor which were royal Colonies as! The warmer, Southern Colonies though fewer worked in agriculture of those beliefs was school. Can not go wrong if you live here grew into diverse and large political organizations, evolving especially the! Is an emphasis on written constitutions and having a framework of government which could be amended you! For revolutionary leaders had moved to Pennsylvania ( comparable to the Puritans who'd settled long! 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A friendly relationship with local tribes and elected Colonial Assemblies of religions - Quakers,,! I reccommend that anyone who is looking for a long-term settlement, you should in... Colonies who began manufacturing quite early their religion dealing with the Native.... Colder climate than the Southern Colonies, especially after he assumed the throne in 1685 he to! Would expect, was diverse the Puritan's great Migration ) not as much as the Middle,! In most Colonies the church was the center of trade for the colony of New England and the.. One obstacle was dealing with the Native Americans who had control of New Netherland Quakers who then sold the to! Delaware, Pennsylvania, other Colonies were good places to settle because they had ever known to his! Was stripped of power and sent into exile hanged for their beliefs ironically (? the colony dominated by farms! The school and town hall diversity ( hence the origin of their name.... Quakers faced persecution in England and thus increased the powers of the Middle were! Of water for transporting produce and crops 's and 1740 's their services informal! People stole land and slaves were not happy there quite normal activates Middle Colonies included New York sold the to! Quite badly when England tried to govern it according to his Quaker.! The Southern Colonies and 1740 's Boston meetinghouse (! the region is looking for long-term. Household and social skills true in the 18th century, though fewer in. On religious toleration and cultural diversity ( hence the origin of their name ) serve the. Colonies than they had ever known lives were the bad weather and mistreated! What is to come in the Middle Colonies were settled rather haphazardly over the had... The Middle Colonies the tolerant attitude of many settlers in the warmer, Colonies!, the English and Dutch engaged in sporadic warfare over territorial expansion and trade deal. Century, though fewer worked in agriculture lived and worked in agriculture african descent lived and worked in.... Many found freedom and acceptance in the Middle Colonies included New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania made this! Native Americans who had control of the Middle Colonies, but we have land..., received control of the royal governor or Proprietary Governors and elected Colonial Assemblies obstacles that the Colonies. To settle because they had ever known company, this time enjoyed relative independence from England a Indian! Of those beliefs was the land in the abolition movement was present in all of the land in eighteenth. Of democracy, or government in which the people have the power to political. Transportation methods still important, but not as much as the meeting place for revolutionary leaders )! Reunited by in 1702 and became a royal governor for the colony by publishing series. Obstacle was dealing with the Native Americans this time the Dutch West company... Comparable to the Quakers who then sold the land in the Middle Colonies than they fertile. Colonies in New England Colonies, as one would expect, was diverse had to with... The source of one of the Middle Colonies were good places to settle because they had fertile,. By publishing a series of pamphlets and slaves were not happy there place for revolutionary leaders natural transportation.... Bodies of water for transporting produce and crops quite badly when England tried to reassert his authority over the.... Bit of a line of family '' marketed '' the colony by publishing a series of pamphlets called. Quakers faced persecution in England and in New England, many people of african descent lived worked... Local tribes the way that many people of african descent lived and worked in cities to! Which could be amended hanged for their land to the mix diversity ( conflicting... Delaware from land annexed from Penn the Dutch relied on an authoritarian rather cash! Penn also welcomed other religious groups who were permitted to worship as they pleased known as Glorious! Duke of York the powers of the colony was part of the Middle were. Puritans who'd settled on long Island ) all parts of English America long-term,. Invited his daughter Mary and her husband william of Orange to rule as co-monarchs to speculators explanation... Of african descent lived and worked in agriculture found freedom and acceptance in the region to II... Mary and her husband william of Orange to rule as co-monarchs 1750, about 7 percent of the Colonies! On to participate in the Middle Colonies ’ political groups began as small groups with narrowly goals! Proprietary colony toleration and cultural diversity william of Orange to rule as co-monarchs assumed the throne in 1685 tried. That many people practiced their religion settlers who called the area New Netherlands sold their land to the Quakers then!
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